Showing posts with label Mercury. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mercury. Show all posts

December 16, 2012

DAYS OF FUTURE PAST: THE MERCURY

Laurie Jenks aboard his personal 'Mercury'
There wasn't an announcement when the Future died, but die it did, sometime around the 1980s I reckon, as the Age of Optimism was superseded by the Age of Irony.  For over 100 years the Future was a popular pastime, the subject of countless magazine articles, fantastic illustrations, and sometimes wacky/sometimes dead accurate conjecture on what our material surroundings would look like, and how they would function, in the Future.  As we've passed the Millenium, and are still driving piston-engine cars and telefork motorcycles, it seems our imminent whiz-bang Future hasn't arrived yet, and isn't likely to arrive soon; hell, we don't even have a space program anymore.  Our enthusiasm for the Future seems to have died when the bills - financial, societal, environmental- came due.
While all-aluminum, the Mercury was no lightweight at 450lbs...
Dedicated Future-hunters in the motorcycle world smile ruefully at regular columns and drawings published in magazines from the 1920s through the 50s, in which visionary readers and schoolchildren sent sketches of their 'ideal' motorcycle (Four cylinders! Suspension!), while a few hardier and more determined souls actually set about building their dreams.  It is to them we must truly tip our hat, and, without irony, give thanks, for they are the actual creators of the technologies we take for granted today.  Yes, four cylinder, and yes, suspension, and disc brakes, and center-hub steering, and all-aluminum everything.  Which brings us to the Mercury.
The prototype, tube-frame Mercury rolling chassis
The product of four backyard visionaries, the Mercury project was especially the vision of one man, Laurie Jenks, who had toured extensively on the typical girder-forked, rigid-framed motorcycles of the late 1920s, and decided the time was ripe for a more sophisticated touring motorcycle.  His first prototype, built in 1933, featured a tubular frame, with articulated rear suspension and a version of 'duplex' steering up front, similar to the OEC system, a cousin of hub-center steering, which we know had been around since the earliest days of motorcycling (Ner-A-Car of the 20s, and before that, the Zenith Bi-Car of the 'Noughts), the principal advantages being lack of deflection under side loads, and greater stability over rough surfaces/hard use, and zero tendency for 'speed wobbles'.
The all-aluminum chassis of the Mercury
When the tube frame prototype of 1933 proved satisfactory, Jenks' 'Ideal' motorcycle went a step further, with an all-riveted aluminum chassis and alloy bodywork covering his advanced steering and suspension ideas.  It took another four years to begin 'production' of the Mercury, after ordering aluminum castings for the steering head and other lugs, plus extruded I-section aluminum for the main frame spars; enough frame parts were ordered for an initial batch of of 4 machines.  The shape and material of the Mercury chassis is top-shelf 1930s practice, echoed by the most advanced GP machine of the era, with which it shares many features; the Gilera 'Rondine' also had an ultra-strong twin-spar chassis, and extensive use of aluminum, and water cooling...but the similarities end there, as the Rondine's DOHC supercharged inline 4 was truly the Future, whereas the Mercury's tuned Scott 600cc two-stroke twin-cylinder engine was merely the Present.

In truth, with limited funds available to buy a new engine (let alone develop a motor of their own), Jenks and his partner Mr. Swabey, who ran a garage tuning Scott engines, relied on the Past for their Mercury motors, and used reconditioned and tuned Scott engines from as far back as 1933 in their futuristic machine.

 A trade display of British Aluminum products; it is believed the Mercury chassis parts were subsidized by the Aluminum industry as a showcase.  Other motorcycles used aluminum as their main chassis, most notably, early Neanders from the late 1920s, and the Ardie 'Silberpfiel' of 1931-3.
While Scott was the only 'sporting' and TT-winning motorcycle to never win a Brooklands 'Gold Star' (for a 100mph lap during a race), the Scott engine had its appeal, being very smooth, simple, reliable, and easy to maintain, while possessing devilishly quick acceleration, if not the 100mph top speed required of a truly Hot bike.  When press-tested in 1937 for Motor Cycle, the completed Mercury was ridden hands-off around the incredibly bumpy Brooklands track at an average of 70mph, while 90mph was the estimated top whack.   When introduced to the world in 1937 as the product of 'Mercury Motors', the price was listed at £115 - the same as a Brough Superior '11-50' model with 1100cc JAP engine (see the full Brough price list here, on the excellent B-S company archives).  Those first four aluminum chassis were the only Mercuries built; we love the Future, until we must pay for it.
'Speed!  With safety and comfort.'
The Mercury was stable enough for Brooklands, and fast enough at 90mph, even if not a racer; what else was it?  Meant for touring, clearly, with a lot of elegant details with the rider's comfort in mind, like the large tool/glovebox in the tank top, which also housed an oil reservoir for a chain oiler.  The instrument panel included a fuel gauge, and various pull-knobs for electrical controls. Both front and rear suspension consisted of undamped compression and rebound springs, which Jenks felt kept the wheels in more contact with tarmac over undulations. Large section tires (4"x19" - huge for the day) gave comfortable if slow steering, and all that aluminum protected the rider from oil and mud.  While the chassis and bodywork were aluminum, the deep mudguards were nickel-plated steel, giving an overall super-silver look, akin to the sleekest aircraft of the day, all rivets and shiny panels, the very picture of the Future, Buck Rogers on two wheels.
The rear suspension linkage system, with short trailing links, attached by rods to spring boxes bolted along the upper frame member
Laurie Jenks wasn't the first, nor the last to build an 'ideal' motorcycle, and his Mercury was better than most in looks and real-world performance.  While not to everyone's taste, I find the Mercury visually exciting, and 1930s-futuristic like almost no other vehicle on two or four wheels - closer to advanced aircraft practice.  Jenks' fundamental ideas - a comfortable and civilized sporting motorcycle which protected the rider from the elements- were completely sound, and an accurate vision for the Future. A funny thing about the Future, though; when it actually arrives, it immediately becomes the Ordinary.  Motorcycle manufacturers have been burned many times by introducing radical new ideas (full enclosure, Wankel engines, hub-center steering) to a non-buying public, but the idea of a sophisticated, smooth, fully enclosed sport-touring motorcycle finally came to fruition in the 1990s, embodied by machines like the Honda Pacific Coast, and later, the fully-enclosed Gold Wing and its cousins.  All very efficient and rider-friendly, yet somehow, incorporating good ideas from design Futures seems to leave the 'Wow' factor in the Past...

Seen from above, the Scott gearbox, dynamo, and carb, installed in the Mercury chassis
The Scott Power-Plus 600cc two-stroke motor (sans cylinder head and primary drive)
Blueprints for the Mercury...but the engine appears to be different....
...because Laurie Jenks, like any good Futurist, had far more ambitious plans for his 'ideal motorcycle'...
...a sporting, two-wheeled car...
...with a supercharged, 3-cylinder two-stroke engine, which was actually built!   Details of the engine; you're looking at 3 Amal carbs feeding 3 small superchargers, which share a drive with a dynastarter.  The engine is a 'flat' triple, with 3 parallel bores and water-cooled cylinders.  The yellow sketched-in motor in the Mercury blueprint is the silhouette of this two-stroke engine...Jenks still owned his personal Mercury until 1977, and clearly considered making an engine swap.  Poor health likely prevented further development of what could have proved a very powerful engine...
Many thanks to Norman Gunderson of Canada for the beautiful b/w detail photos of the Mercury; Norman found reference to the Mercury in my coverage of the Concorso di Villa d'Este earlier this year, and was a personal friend of Laurie Jenks, from whom the photos originated.  Also thanks to the Hockenheim Museum in Germany, for sending the rest of the photos; four Mercuries survive, plus the tube frame prototype (a chassis only at this point - 2012), and all are at Hockenheim; if you haven't seen this collection, you owe it to yourself to make a trip.


July 1, 2012

VILLA D'ESTE REDUX


1960 Maserati 50/T2/SS moped, with clever spare-plug holder, and chin-pads matching the pedals. Cute enough to bite.
Reviewing my photos from the Concorso di Motociclette di Villa d'Este, I realized there were dozens of terrific shots which deserved publication.  A gorgeous event, in a stunning locale, made for easy photo-fodder.  I typically shoot 500 pix/day, even while judging, so parsing 1500 photos from a 3-day visit takes time...but the Web affords the luxury of unlimited photo uploads.  On a technical note; I shoot with a combo of an Olympus PEN EP-3 with a fixed 17mm lens, and a cheapo Sony Cybershot wide-angle - which was my only camera for several years, and makes up the bulk of The Vintagent's photographs (barring a few hundred from my iPhone!). 
Hard-to-see motor room of the Harley Davidson/Aermacchi 'Villa' two-stroke GP racer, the 350RA, with which HD earned a GP World Title in 1976 in the 350cc class.  The water-cooled racer put out 58hp @ 10k rpm.  Harley won the 250cc World Championship 3 years running, from '74-76, using a smaller-capacity version of this machine...the Only world titles earned by HD in its 100+ year history...
Prototypical pair; the BMW 'Concept 6'-cylinder sports prototype, and Husqvarna Moab concept bike.  The 1600cc BMW engine is 4 inches narrower than any previous production '6'...
More protos; this time the super-sleek BMW i8 used in 'Mission Impossible; Ghost Protocol'.
Much less sleek; the 1955 BMW R10 198cc prototype scooter...
The Campagnolo rear magnesium wheel of the HD 350RA racer; inside there's a conical disc brake integral with the hub, with hydraulic actuation.
Head of BMW auto design Adrian van Hooydonk (and now VP of BMW) explains the latest BMW sedan show car.
Rider's eye view of the fantastic 1921 Motosacoche 403 Supersport racer.  Note Gazda leaf-spring handlebars, intended to help rider fatigue by isolating road shocks from the hands, but heavy and wobbly-feeling, ultimately. 
Happy to post as many views of this machine as possible; the lovely Best-in-Show 1939 Gilera Rondine racer at rest, inside the show pavillon.
The 'other side' of the very symmetrical Gilera engine.  Note (starting at bottom, clockwise) circular crankshaft access door built into the frame, shift lever, giant fuel reservoir, double-vane Roots-type supercharger, finned plenum chamber with blow-off valve, near horizontal double-camshaft cylinder heads.  The engine is water cooled, with cylinders integrated to the crankcases.
Happy to be making noise with the 1939 Kompressor Rennsport; Concorso di Moto organizer Stefan Knittel, and Sebastian Gutsch of BMW Klassik
The Ducati 'Hillclimber' special built by Alain Wicki, former world 'skeleton' luge champion.  His Custom is intended to be completely functional and road legal, besides good-looking
A rare 1954 Hoffman S300 flat twin, with pressed-steel frame and super-streamlined engine cases, all the rage in the 1950s, the last days of Art Deco influence in design.  The most expensive 'lightweight' in Germany at 2450DM...only 50DM less than a BMW R50!
Tired of looking at vehicles?  Take a free spin in a J-Boat, although owning one will set you back a cool Million...
Discussing the merits of the 1921 Motosacoche 403 Supersport are Husqvarna's Raffaele Zacagnini and Jury president Carlo Peretti
The unexpected fly-by of the Kompressor over the gravel of Villa d'Este's genteel back garden...ruffling a few feathers, possibly even spilling a martini!  Sebastian Gutsch of BMW Klassik is the lucky handler of the RS255
The lineup in the Racing display...AMF/Harley Davidson/Aermacchi  350RA, 1962 Yamaha TD-1, BMW Kompressor, Gilera 4, Harley 8-Valve, Motosacoche Supersport...an exceptional collection of machines.
One of my favorite Ferraris, a 1964 250 LM, built for Le Mans with a mid-engine to skirt the rules...Enzo claimed it was a 'version' of the 250GTO, even though the 12-cylinder engine was moved behind the driver! So, what was designed as a 'sports racer' had to compete against pure racing cars, but did well against the Cobras and GT40s, winning at Reims, Spa, and LeMans that year.  I still have my Corgi version...
The solid yet feminine lines of the Maico 'Taifun', a technically fascinating and elegantly integrated motorcycle, although few were sold; the German motorcycle industry of the late 1950s was in serious crisis, and many mf'rs went bust.  Taifuns are rare, even more so in such condition. 350cc twin-cylinder two-stroke engine, Earles forks with a cast-aluminum main spar, footpegs which fold into the crankcases...
The elegant 1920 Mars A20 1-liter flat-twin, with fabulously complicated front fork, and box-section chassis, from which the motor hangs.  The engine was built by Maybach...hugely sophisticated for the day, but terribly expensive, and few were sold.

Rider's eye view of the 1937 Mercury with 600cc Scott engine, converted to rotary-valve induction. Complicated, a bit heavy, but a vision of 'futuristic' motorcycling from a 1930s perspective.  Note the integrated ignition/air levers atop the forks, the flush-mounted speedo/ammeter/tach, and reverse levers (technically outdated, but a mark of elegance a lá Brough Superior and BMW)
A late, four-wheel ca.1960 FMR Tg500; FMR took over production of the Messerchmitt KR200 'Kabinenroller', continuing the 'wingless aircraft' postwar production of this famous make.

The microcar lineup at Villa Erba, set up all weekend for public enjoyment.  Visible at the rear is the Show Pavillion

The fantastic, original-condition 1928 Opel Motoclub with 500cc sv Opel engine.  Opel purchased the chassis rights from Ernst Neumann Neander, the eccentric design genius who penned and built the cadmium-plated machine.  This engine appears to be derived from the Kühne engine from Dresden (designed by Franz Gnädig), one of the few 'loose' engine suppliers in Germany of the 'Teens and early '20s. (Many thanks to Ralf Kruger for the info). I'm well overdue for a full appraisal of the Neander/Opel story - but I've been waiting for a road test!  Perhaps next time I'm in Germany...


Handling the outstanding original-condition Opel Motoclub with white gloves...
Michael Paula kickstarts a sulking Brough Superior SS100 with 'MX'  Matchless engine...in his Birkenstocks!
All the way from Michigan; Peter Heydon discusses his 1941 Chrysler 'Woody' Town and Country wagon, a strange fish at Lago di Como, but much appreciated.
No ordinary Norton; this is the 1979 'P42' prototype Wankel-engine Norton, which was never produced in civilian livery, but became the 'Interpol II' in 1984.  Not to be confused with the 'Classic' of 1987, which had many changes.  While Norton only produced rotary-engine machines in the hundreds, they had great success on the race track (in F1 racing and a win at the Isle of Man in 1992), and a variant of their David Garside-designed engine powers US military drones today...
Nice 'pit bike'; the BMW R68 which lurked around BMW's moto-concorso offices...
Fabulous little OSCA 1600SP beneath Villa d'Este's spreading Plane tree.  With similar logic to the Ferrari 'Bread Van', a 'Kamm tail' blunt rear end (named after aerodynamicist Wunibald Kamm) aided airflow by simulating the ideal 'teardrop' shape, but little need was found in practical terms to extend the rear to a point, and the Kamm-tail gave more stable handling.
'Old #49' at rest; the spirit of Georg Meier hovers near this machine...
The 1938 Taurus Sport, a very rare and stylish Italian machine



Fantastic 1930s graphic expression
The power plant of the 1962 Yamaha TD-1; a two-cylinder 250cc two-stroke based on the German Adler design, with crankcases unaltered from their roadster-origin YDS-1 model, Yamaha's first production racer came with a completely new chassis and upper motor.
The TD-1 was the thin edge of the Japanese wedge in racing; inexpensive and very fast, taking a  championship suddenly came within the grasp of privateers the world over.  The dominance of exotic multi-cylinder four strokes in GP racing would soon be over...
The prototype Piaggio 'Vespa' of 1947; right the first time
The AMF/Harley Davidson/Aermacchi 350RA, with inboard-disc Campagnolo magnesium wheels.  Good enough to take the World Championship in 1976

For such a rare car, the Avions Voison T35 has been a staple of big auto show for a year; a different car won Pebble Beach, another sat on the Mullin auto museum stand at Retromobile, plus this one.  Common!








Coaxing a truculent Porsche 917K to life means shifting a lot of bodywork!
A lady and her Porsche...


Dr. Ralf Rodepeter and a charming young guest amble across the red carpet in a BMW Isetta...
1935 BMW R5SS, a rare production racer
This young fellow enjoyed showing the ease of bonnet-lifting on this Reliant 'Bond Bug'



Love, American style; '37 Cord 812 S/C...which means, of course, supercharged
Benito Battilani brought period accessories to ride his '21 HD 8-Valve...
Classic Bike's Hugo Wilson sneaks a photo from the Winner's Circle...
Automotive Concorso emcee Simon Kidston and the esteemed judges of the cars...


Brutale.  The '72 Lamborghini Miura SV/J.





Leslie Kendall of the Petersen Museum chats with an admiring lad from the Petersen's outrageous Art Deco Rolls...






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